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< / style > < / head > < body > < div class = "pure-g" > < div class = "pure-u-1-1" > < header class = "header" > < h1 > Rust HTTP Server < a target = "_blank" href = "https://github.com/Xterminate1818/server" > < svg viewBox = "0 0 128 128" style = "padding-bottom: 0.2em;" > < title > View source on GitHub < / title > < g fill = "#181616" > < path fill-rule = "evenodd" clip-rule = "evenodd" d = "M64 5.103c-33.347 0-60.388 27.035-60.388 60.388 0 26.682 17.303 49.317 41.297 57.303 3.017.56 4.125-1.31 4.125-2.905 0-1.44-.056-6.197-.082-11.243-16.8 3.653-20.345-7.125-20.345-7.125-2.747-6.98-6.705-8.836-6.705-8.836-5.48-3.748.413-3.67.413-3.67 6.063.425 9.257 6.223 9.257 6.223 5.386 9.23 14.127 6.562 17.573 5.02.542-3.903 2.107-6.568 3.834-8.076-13.413-1.525-27.514-6.704-27.514-29.843 0-6.593 2.36-11.98 6.223-16.21-.628-1.52-2.695-7.662.584-15.98 0 0 5.07-1.623 16.61 6.19C53.7 35 58.867 34.327 64 34.304c5.13.023 10.3.694 15.127 2.033 11.526-7.813 16.59-6.19 16.59-6.19 3.287 8.317 1.22 14.46.593 15.98 3.872 4.23 6.215 9.617 6.215 16.21 0 23.194-14.127 28.3-27.574 29.796 2.167 1.874 4.097 5.55 4.097 11.183 0 8.08-.07 14.583-.07 16.572 0 1.607 1.088 3.49 4.148 2.897 23.98-7.994 41.263-30.622 41.263-57.294C124.388 32.14 97.35 5.104 64 5.104z" > < / path > < path d = "M26.484 91.806c-.133.3-.605.39-1.035.185-.44-.196-.685-.605-.543-.906.13-.31.603-.395 1.04-.188.44.197.69.61.537.91zm2.446 2.729c-.287.267-.85.143-1.232-.28-.396-.42-.47-.983-.177-1.254.298-.266.844-.14 1.24.28.394.426.472.984.17 1.255zM31.312 98.012c-.37.258-.976.017-1.35-.52-.37-.538-.37-1.183.01-1.44.373-.258.97-.025 1.35.507.368.545.368 1.19-.01 1.452zm3.261 3.361c-.33.365-1.036.267-1.552-.23-.527-.487-.674-1.18-.343-1.544.336-.366 1.045-.264 1.564.23.527.486.686 1.18.333 1.543zm4.5 1.951c-.147.473-.825.688-1.51.486-.683-.207-1.13-.76-.99-1.238.14-.477.823-.7 1.512-.485.683.206 1.13.756.988 1.237zm4.943.361c.017.498-.563.91-1.28.92-.723.017-1.308-.387-1.315-.877 0-.503.568-.91 1.29-.924.717-.013 1.306.387 1.306.88zm4.598-.782c.086.485-.413.984-1.126 1.117-.7.13-1.35-.172-1.44-.653-.086-.498.422-.997 1.122-1.126.714-.123 1.354.17 1.444.663zm0 0" > < / path > < / g > < / svg > < / a > < / h1 > < h2 > Keywords: Back End - TCP - SSL < / h2 > < / header > < div class = "content" > < h2 class = "distinct" > Motivation < / h2 >
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As a systems programmer, I want to understand the technologies
I use at a very low level. Modern web stacks abstract away the
process of handling TCP connections, serving SSL certificates,
and parsing HTTP requests. The best way to understand a technology
is to implement it from the ground up, I studied the HTTP 1.1
specification and wrote a server to host my website.
< h2 class = "distinct" > Approach < / h2 >
At the most basic level, the server will translate the request URL
into a local file path, and respond with the file matching that path
if it exists. Request URLs are sanitized to prevent accessing files
outside of the server's directory. Two tables are used for rewriting
and routing URLs. This makes handling URLs predictable and robust.
< div class = "code-block" >
< pre > < code >
< span class = "comment" > / / Snippet from the request handling code< / span >
< span class = "keyword" > pub< / span > < span class = "keyword" > async< / span > < span class = "keyword function" > fn< / span > < span class = "function" > construct_response< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "keyword storage modifier" > & < / span > < span class = "variable builtin" > self< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ,< / span > < span class = "variable parameter" > request_url< / span > : < span class = "keyword storage modifier" > & < / span > < span class = "type builtin" > str< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "operator" > -> < / span > < span class = "type" > Response< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > {< / span >
< span class = "keyword storage" > let< / span > < span class = "variable" > sanitized_url< / span > < span class = "operator" > =< / span > < span class = "function" > rewrite_url< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "variable parameter" > request_url< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ;< / span >
< span class = "keyword control conditional" > if< / span > < span class = "variable" > sanitized_url< / span > < span class = "operator" > !=< / span > < span class = "variable parameter" > request_url< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > {< / span >
< span class = "keyword control return" > return< / span > < span class = "type" > Self< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ::< / span > < span class = "function" > redirect< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "operator" > & < / span > < span class = "variable" > sanitized_url< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ;< / span >
< span class = "punctuation bracket" > }< / span >
< span class = "keyword storage" > let< / span > < span class = "variable" > routed_url< / span > < span class = "operator" > =< / span > < span class = "variable builtin" > self< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > .< / span > < span class = "function" > perform_routing< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "operator" > & < / span > < span class = "variable" > sanitized_url< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > .< / span > < span class = "keyword control return" > await< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ;< / span >
< span class = "keyword control conditional" > if< / span > < span class = "keyword storage" > let< / span > < span class = "constructor" > Some< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "variable" > response< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "operator" > =< / span >
< span class = "variable builtin" > self< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > .< / span > < span class = "function" > perform_redirecting< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "operator" > & < / span > < span class = "variable" > routed_url< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > .< / span > < span class = "keyword control return" > await< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > {< / span >
< span class = "keyword control return" > return< / span > < span class = "variable" > response< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ;< / span >
< span class = "punctuation bracket" > }< / span >
< span class = "keyword control conditional" > match< / span > < span class = "variable builtin" > self< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > .< / span > < span class = "function" > get_resource< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "operator" > & < / span > < span class = "variable" > routed_url< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > .< / span > < span class = "keyword control return" > await< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > {< / span >
< span class = "constructor" > Some< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "variable" > bytes< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "operator" > => < / span > < span class = "type" > Response< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ::< / span > < span class = "function" > from_data< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "variable" > bytes< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ,< / span >
< span class = "constructor" > None< / span > < span class = "operator" > => < / span > < span class = "type" > Self< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ::< / span > < span class = "function" > not_found< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > (< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > )< / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ,< / span >
< span class = "punctuation bracket" > }< / span >
< span class = "punctuation bracket" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< / div >
I use Cloudflare to manage my domain name, DNS records, and SSL certificates.
Cloudflare automatically caches resources, rewrites HTTP requests to HTTPS,
and limits request sizes. This allows my server to only listen on port 443
and neglect caching server-side.
< h2 class = "distinct" > Dependencies < / h2 >
My goal with this project was to provide a functional server using as few
libraries as possible. The final project directly depends on four crates:
< div class = "code-block" >
< pre > < code >
/ / Snippet from Cargo< span class = "punctuation delimiter" > .< / span > toml
< span class = "punctuation bracket" > [< / span > < span class = "type" > dependencies< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > ]< / span >
< span class = "variable other member" > log< / span > < span class = "operator" > =< / span > < span class = "string" > " 0.4" < / span >
< span class = "variable other member" > log4rs< / span > < span class = "operator" > =< / span > < span class = "string" > " 1.3" < / span >
< span class = "variable other member" > tiny_http< / span > < span class = "operator" > =< / span > < span class = "string" > " 0.12" < / span >
< span class = "variable other member" > tokio< / span > < span class = "operator" > =< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > {< / span > < span class = "variable other member" > version< / span > < span class = "operator" > =< / span > < span class = "string" > " 1" < / span > < span class = "punctuation delimiter" > ,< / span > < span class = "variable other member" > features< / span > < span class = "operator" > =< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > [< / span > < span class = "string" > " full" < / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > ]< / span > < span class = "punctuation bracket" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< / div >
The first two crates, log and log4rs, provide logging functions which aren't critical to the
server's functionality. The tiny_http crate provides a simple wrapper for the standard
library TCP stream, and performs SSL encryption. It is used as the backbone
for many Rust web frameworks. While I could implement these features myself, I
decided against it for security and browser compatibility reasons. Finally there is
tokio, an async runtime. This is necessary because Rust does not provide a runtime
by default, and building one is out of scope.
< / div > < / div > < / div > < / body > < / html >
